国立暨南国际大学经济学系陈建良咱的社会-NCNUMoodle课程.PPT

$pg 學習目標 1. Explain how the Consumer Price Index is constructed and use it to calculate the inflation rate 解釋CPI如何估計,用以計算通貨膨脹率 2. Show how the CPI is used eliminate the effects of inflation in economic data 如何以CPI進行平減 4. Discuss the two most important biases in the CPI CPI兩個主要的估計偏誤原因 5. Distinguish between inflation and relative price changes to find the true cost of inflation 通貨膨脹與相對價格變動 6. Understand the connections among inflation, nominal interest rates, and real interest rates 實質利率的算法 Cover story Prices of goods change over time Adjust values, incomes, or spending for change in prices Constant purchasing power Baseball salaries Babe Ruth earned $80,000 in 1930 超過當時的 Hoover 總統 Barry Bonds earned $10.3 million in 2001 超過當時的 Bush 總統 但是,哪一個情況比較好?誰的購買力比較高? Inflation increases uncertainty when planning for the future 通貨膨脹帶來不確定性 Consider costs of inflation 通貨膨脹的成本 台北排名44 生活費比韓港星低 2011-08-18 中國時報 林上祚／台北報導 Problems of Inflation物價膨脹的問題 Makes comparisons of economic conditions over time difficult 跨時比較的困難 Creates uncertainty about the future How much should I save for retirement? 未來的不確定性增加 Imposes many costs on an economy 增加許多成本(例如鋼鐵價格、油價) 物價上漲衝擊九成三民眾生活　 縮衣節食少娛樂 【中時電子報林淑玲／台北報導】2007.05.21 民眾對於民生用品物價上漲，對生活的衝擊造成「非常嚴重」的有三成，六成多民眾表示「有影響，但可以接受」。 若進一步觀察物價上漲對於食、衣、住、行、育、樂六大基本民生生活必須項目，所造成的衝擊，46.5％的受訪民眾表示最無法忍受食方面的上漲，是六大項裡比例最高者。其次，則是行的部分，被36.5％的民眾列為最無法忍受的上漲項目。至於衣、住、育、樂，則僅分別有6.1％、6.3％、3.2％、1.5％的民眾，認為是無法接受的漲價項目。顯示出，物價上漲讓每日都得有支出開銷的食與行，對民眾荷包壓力最大。 Measuring Inflation 衡量物價膨脹 Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of changes in prices Consumer Price Index, CPI消費者物價指數 CPI measures The cost of a standard basket of goods and services in a given year Relative to the cost of the same basket of goods and services in the base year 相同的一籃標準財貨之成本,目前相對於基期的水準 The fixed year is called the base year基期 Base year changes periodically It uses a constant basket of goods and services It is collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics 台灣的物價指數由行政院主計處三局三科製作 (見國內商品行情表) 國內商品行情 95年基期消費者物價指數(CPI)查價