论文题目中文小二宋体加黑居中-北京大学教务部.DOC

由光谱学与电化学渠道检测尼古丁 对遗传物质DNA的作用 Interaction of nicotine with DNA investigated via ultraviolet and electroanalysis methods 化学与分子工程学院99级 刘玥 摘 要 尼古丁,即烟碱[3-(1-甲基-2-吡咯烷基)吡啶]在烟草中的重量含量约为 1%～2%，被公认为是导致吸烟上瘾的主要因子。研究它对DNA的作用以揭示其基因毒性对于阐释尼古丁的致癌致畸机制具有重要的意义。通过对DNA组分与结构的详细分析可知，对DNA复制起到加密作用的是碱基，而具有光学及电化学活性 的也恰是A、T、G、C四种碱基，因此可将其作为光与电探测手段的入口点。研究证明紫外谱学的探测手段相对易行且有效，而电化学方法由于DNA的双螺旋结构将活性中心深藏其中从而对电极的设计提出很高的要求。原拟定用碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极来采集电信号，但实验证明效果并不理想。现在尝试一种新的但颇具潜力的解决方案。即利用甲基纤维素的负温度敏感性将其制成高分子材料电极，DNA分子直接包覆其中。通过加入具备生物兼容性的电解质同时解决降低凝胶点和导电的问题。 Abstract Consumption of tobacco is one of the most deadly threaten to human health. In this sense, it is urgent to investigate whether and how much nicotine could impose an negative effect on the structure of DNA，therefore causing sufferings particularly from breathing system diseases. A detailed knowledge of the structure of DNA suggests that it is both ultraviolet and electrical responsive. The ultraviolet spectrum of the mixture of DNA and nicotine proved the postulation that there do exist an interaction between molecules of nicotine and DNA. A certain adduct is probable. Electrodes modified with single wall carbon nanotubes are adopted for eletroanalysis of DNA in solution, yet little responses had been detected due to double helix structure of DNA where active centers are deep hidden. Fortunately methylcellulose, a polymer material with thermogelation properties, had been brought into consideration for designing a new electrode where in which molecules of DNA themselves are being trapped. It is a promising new method though highly postulating, and experiments are being carried out to test its feasibility. 引言 尼古丁,即烟碱[3-(1-甲基-2-吡咯烷基)吡啶]在烟草中的重量含量约为1%～2%。尼古丁不仅能转化为具有强致癌性的亚硝胺化合物,而且被公认为是导致吸烟上瘾的主要因子。核酸是遗传信息的载体，它可以与许多化合物发生相互作用（如金属离子及其络合物、小分子有机化合物及蛋白质等）并进而影响到核酸的复制及断裂；本项研究则是通过测定尼古丁和DNA之间的相互作用以揭示尼古丁的基因毒性。 DNA是由许多单体组成的线形大分子，基本结构重复单元是脱氧核苷酸，其组成结构如下图所示： 磷酸 DNA 脱氧核苷酸 D-2脱氧核糖 脱氧核苷 腺嘌呤