组织与管理简介.pptVIP

5. Contemporary Approach: 5.2 THE CONTINGENCY APPROACH situational approach. It depends on the situation. There is no one universally applicable set of management principles (rules) by which to manage organizations. Organizations are individually different, face different situations (contingency variables), and require different ways of managing. * POPULAR CONTINGENCY VARIABLES 1. Organization size, 組織規模 2. Routineness of task technology, 技術例行性 3. Environmental uncertainty, 環境不確定性 4. Individual differences, 員工個別差異 5. 其他，如策略…… 組織理論(OT) * 1. Case study: a manager’s dilemma (p.40) 2. Thinking critically about ethics (p.47) 3. Internet-based exercise (p.56) *3. read business articles: relates to 4 approaches *4. choose a task that you do regularly: applying SM principle * Do your assignment: 1~4組 1. 比較：Taylor VS. Fayol 的貢獻 2. 區分： ＊Scientific Management VS. Management Science ＊Organizational Behavior (OB) VS. Organization Theory (OT) ＊人群關係運動 VS. 行為科學研究； ＊Systems VS. Contingency Approach * 回 顧 1. 君王論，戰爭論，國富論。 聖經故事，金字塔，羅馬帝國興亡史，天主教。 2. 論語，孫子，韓非子。 戰國策，楚漢、三國、隋唐演義。 （秦公司興亡史，北宋危機管理） 討論：釋道立身，儒墨處世，孫韓治事。 * 討論：經史合參學管理？ division of labor Industrial Revolution scientific management therbligs general administrative principles of mgt bureaucracy quantitative approach OB Hawthorne Studies system closed systems open systems contingency approach quality management * TERMS TO KNOW 管 理 學第二章 管理學的演進Management History When you surround an enemy, leave an outlet free. —Sun Tzu 圍師遺闕，窮寇勿迫，此用兵之法也。 Today is ok, 何不跳過 Yesterday, 直接研討 Tomorrow? 讀資治通鑑：溫故知新，鑒往知來。 學歷史，應知今日事：解釋現在，開拓視野。 社會科學的發展:Economics, Psychology, Management (Science), Accounting, Marketing…… * 1. Historical Background 2. Classical Approach: Scientific Management, General Administrative Theory 3. Quantitative Approach 4. Behavioral Approach 5. Contemporary Approach: Systems Approach, Contingency Approach How many major approaches to Management? 綱要