专题八：情态动词.pptVIP

* * 情态动词 定义: 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 二、情态动词分类 表示能力：can / be able to 表示许可：can / may 表示必须：must / have to / ought to / should 表示虚拟：should/ could /would 表示推测：must / should / ought to /can / may 其它：dare / shall / will / need 三. 情态动词的基本用法 1.can (could) a).表示说话人能力 c).can表猜测,可能性(主要用于否定句,疑问句或惊叹句) Can this be true? This can’t be done by him. How can you be so rude! b). 表示许可 can主要用于第一、二人称 Can you pass me the books?　 ----Can I go now? ----Yes, you can. 注意: 1).could也表请求,语气婉转,主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句,答语用can Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes,you can. ( No, I’m afraid not.) 2)can表能力时,可用be able to代替,但表某事经过努力已成功时,应用be able to. He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out 3)表示理论上的可能性 He is in poor health. He can be ill at any time. Even experts can make mistakes It can be quite windy there, especially in spring. 那里有时容易刮风,特别在春季。 2. may (might) a). 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可,might 比may语气更加婉转,否定用mustn’t. You may take the book home.　 May I come in? --- May I use your dictionary?　---Yes, you may. ( No, you mustn’t.) 注意：用May I…征求对方的许可比较正式，语气比较客气；而用Can I….常用于口语中. b). 表猜测,可能性(主要用于肯定句和否定句中).might 更不肯定 He may be very busy now. Tom may not be eighteen. c). 用于祈使句中表示祝愿 May you succeed! 3. must 和 have to a). 必须,应该, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事(否定回答用 needn’t, don’t have to) ---Must we hand in our English exercise books? ---Yes, you must. ( No, you don’t have to.) may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为“不妨” “倒不如”。 You may as well stay here over the night. c). must 和 have to 的区别: 1. must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。You must do it now.　(说话人认为必须现在干) I have to go now.　(客观条件必须现在走) 2. must只有一种形式,have to有更多的时态形式 3.询问对方的意见时, 用must Must I clean all the room? 4.二者的否定意义不大相同 You mustn’t go You don’t