莠去津对烟嘧磺隆药害和除草效果影响.docVIP

莠去津对烟嘧磺隆药害及除草效果的影响 卢向阳，徐 筠 （北京市农林科学院 植物保护环境保护研究所，北京100097） 摘要：烟嘧磺隆在常规剂量下容易对敏感的玉米品种产生药害。盆栽试验表明，当烟嘧磺隆用量为90 g a.i./hm2时，玉米糯203的株高和株重抑制率分别为32.4%和45.0%,并且心叶卷曲；当烟嘧磺隆以相同的剂量添加莠去津，两者单位面积用量的比例为1:12～12:1时，玉米的药害程度随莠去津比例的提高而下降。当莠去津与烟嘧磺隆的用量比例小于6:1时，不能完全克服烟嘧磺隆的药害，而当它们的用量比例提高到12:1时药害症状完全消失。经两年田间试验证明，按照莠去津与烟嘧磺隆用量比例为12:1研制的19%烟?莠油悬剂，可以明显克服烟嘧磺隆对中度敏感玉米品种的药害，同时能够达到良好的除草效果。 关键词：玉米；烟嘧磺隆；药害 Effects of atrazine on nicosulfuron to corn injury and weed control LU Xiang-yang，XU Jun (Institute of Plant ＆ Enviromental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097,China) Abstract: Corn cultivars susceptible to nicosulfuron were easy injured when applied at recommended rate. The pot experiment showed that the height and aboveground weight of glutinous corn 203 were reduced by 32.4% and 45.0% respectively when nicosulfuron was applied at 90 g a.i./ha. Meanwhile, the central leaves were curly. Corn injured degree was inverse proportion to the ratio of atrazine/nicosulfuron within their applied ratio of 1:12～12:1. When their applied ratio was in less than 6:1, corn could not be prevented completely from injury. But thus could be done when their applied ratio was 12:1.Two field experiments over 2-ye period showed that the application of 19% nicosulfuron-atrazine OF, which was made from the ratio of atrazine/nicosulfuron 12:1, could prevent mid-susceptible cultivars from injury, while weeds in the corn field could be well controlled. Key words: corn; nicosulfuron; crop injury 烟嘧磺隆是对禾本科杂草有特效的茎叶处理型除草剂品种。由于其对玉米高度安全、除草效果突出、用量低等优点而广受欢迎[1]。但出人意料的是，随着烟嘧磺隆使用面积大幅度上升，烟嘧磺隆药害问题也日益突出，尤其是2007年河南省出现了大面积玉米田烟嘧磺隆药害，损失相当严重。因此，解决烟嘧磺隆药害问题十分迫切。一方面要对生产上采用的玉米品种进行药剂敏感性测定，明确哪些品种不能使用烟嘧磺隆，改用其它安全性药剂；另一方面需要提高药剂的安全使用技术，其中将某些化学品与烟嘧磺隆配套使用是一种克服烟嘧磺隆药害的措施。如Siminszky等研究表明，用NA（1,8-萘二甲酸酐）进行种子处理可以减轻烟嘧磺隆与特丁磷混用时对玉米的危害[2]；Robinson等研究表明，用BAS145138处理玉米种子可以减轻烟嘧磺隆药害[3]。但目前这些方法在我国还难以被广大用户接受。另一些研究表明，某些除草剂之间的混用可以克服或减轻作物药害，如Kwon和Penner报道，烟嘧磺隆与异丙甲草胺现混现用可以减轻异丙甲草胺对玉米的危害[4]。卢向阳等报道，氟磺胺草醚与灭草松混用可以降低氟磺胺草醚对大豆药害的风险[5]。本文通过