空速管原理图.docxVIP

Figure 6: PFD in normal lawFigure 7: PFD in alternate 2 lawFigure 8: Pitot probe diagram1.6.9.6.3ConsequencesofadropinthemeasuredtotalpressureThe first consequence of a drop in measured total pressure is a drop in the Mach and theCAS.ThedropinMachleadstoadropinstandardaltitudeduetothecorrection of the measured static pressure. This drop is different according to the ADR under consideration:intheflightconditionsoftheevent,itisoftheorderof300to350ft fortheADR1and2andof80ftforADR3.ThedropinindicatedstandardaltitudealsocausesatransientvariationinVzbi.Just asthedropinstandardaltitudeislowerforADR3thanforADR1and2,thevariation inVzbiislowerforADR3thanforthetwoothers,asillustratedbythegraphbelow:Figure 10: Effectof a drop in total measured pressure on pressure altitude and vertical speedThedropinMachalsoimpactstheSATandthusthetrueairspeedandthewindspeed. In the following table, the case an A330-200 flying at FL 350 at Mach 0.8 instandardatmospherewitha30ktheadwindisgivenasanexampletoillustratethe consequencesofPitoticingthatwouldresultinadropinMachfrom0.8to0.3.RealvalueIndicadedvalueMach0.80.3Standardaltitude(ft)35,000≈34,700CAS(kt)27297SAT(°C)-54-31TAS(kt)461182Windspeed(kt)-30249In a schematic manner, the threshold is stable below a Mach of the order of 0.3, then reduces in a quasi-linear manner to a Mach of the order 0.75, after which it falls more rapidlywhentheMachincreasesuptoMach0.82:Figure 11: Evolution of stall warning threshold in relation to MachA decrease in speed results in an increase in the angle of attack, if the load factor is constant and in a calm atmosphere. In this case, the decrease in speed corresponding toanincreaseinagivenangleofattackdependsontheflightconditions:FlightconditionCruiseTakeoff/ ApproachLevelofdecreaseinindicatedspeedforan increaseof1°intheangleofattack25kt5ktThe wind and temperature charts show that the average effective wind along the route can be estimated at approximately ten knots tail-wind. On the chart for FL340, the highest air