.硅方面的材料.doc

硅纳米材料简介及其研究进展 物理学专业学生 乔珍 指导教师 苏希玉 摘要：通过回顾对于硅纳米材料研究的起源、发展，对硅纳米材料的结构、应用研究及应用前景进行了详细介绍，以此使人们对硅纳米材料及纳米技术有个正确认识和初步理解。硅纳米材料的发现在物理学史上具有重要的意义，因为正是由于它的发现使得我们在锂电池、太阳能电池等方面获得巨大进展，并且由于其特殊性能硅纳米材料有望成为新一代的纳米电子器件基材。本论文通过详细阐述硅纳米材料的性能、大量制备合成的可行性，即着重按硅纳米线的生长机理概括了几种合成方法，包括气-液-固生长法、有机溶液生长法、氧化物辅助生长法、分子束取向附生法、固-液-固生长法，进而全面的介绍了硅纳米材料的应用研究，其中包括电池效率、传感器、电子器件等，并指出今后的研究方向。 关键词：硅纳米材料 硅纳米线Brief Introduction of Silicon Nano-materials and Advancing in Research of one-dimensional Silicon Nano-materials Student majoring in physics Qiao Zhen Tutor Su Xiyu Abstract：Through reviewing for silicon nano materials research the origin, development, on the silicon nanometer material structure, application and application prospect are introduced in detail, so that people on the silicon nanometer materials and nanotechnology have a correct understanding and a preliminary understanding. Silicon nano materials found in the history of physics has important sense, because it is due to its discovery allows us in the lithium battery, solar battery, obtained tremendous progress, and because of its special properties of nanometer silicon material is expected to become a new generation of nano electronic device substrate. In this paper, by elaborating the silicon nano material performance, large scale preparation of synthetic feasibility, emphasize namely by silicon nanowire growth mechanism is summarized several synthesis methods, including gas - liquid - solid growth method, organic solution growth method, oxide-assisted growth method, molecular beam epitaxy method, solid - liquid - solid growth method, and comprehensive introduction of the silicon nano material application, which includes a battery efficiency, sensors, electronic devices, and points out the research direction in the future. Key words: siliconnano-materials; siliconnanowires; lithium-ion battery 引言 纳米材料的研究最初源于19世纪60年代对胶体微粒的研究。20世纪60年代后，研究人员开始有意识地通过对金属纳米微粒的制备和研究来探索纳米体系的奥秘【1】。1984年，德国的格莱特教授把粒径为6nm的金属铁粉原位加压制成世界上第