师范翻译方向英语语法第三课.ppt

English Grammar英语语法第三讲 语法层次 词素（morpheme）词（word）词组（phrase）分句（clause）句子（sentence） 详细内容请看图表 四大句子结构形式(根据句子结构) Sentences are sometimes classified by their structure. The four sentence structures are simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. 1. 简单句(simple sentences): 简单句只有一个主谓结构。A simple sentence contains only one main clause and no subordinate clauses. A main clause has a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought. A subordinate clause, also called a dependent clause, has a subject and a predicate but does not express a complete thought, so it cannot stand alone as a sentence. 注意：两个简单句的主语、谓语动词、宾语或补语合并仍可连接组成一个简单句。 e.g The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris. We sang and danced all night. I met Jane and her husband. It was neither cold nor wet. 2. 并列句(compound sentences): 含有两个或两个以上的简单句叫并列句。 A compound sentence contains two or more main clauses. 连接方式有以下三种： 1. 用并列连词(Coordinating Conjunction)包括and, but, yet, or, for, whereas, while, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also。 e.g Do you like to go alone or would you like to have me for company? We must start early, for we have a long way to go. 2. 用连接副词(Conjunctive Adverb)包括however, othewise, therefore, still, then, nevertheless, hence, thus, moreover。 e.g Costs are up, thus prices must rise. 3. 用分号或冒号 I would live in a place like New York; I like big cities. Please either come in or go out: Dont stand there in the doorway. 3. 复合句/复杂句(complex sentences): 包含一个或一个以上的句子叫复合句。 A complex sentence has one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. 注意：在复合句中，从句作为一个成分从属于主句。从句在句中可以担任主语、宾语、补语、定语、状语和同位语。 e.g That is what he is looking for. She was not on the train which arrived just now. 4. 并列复合句(compound-complex sentences): 含有一个或一个以上从句的并列句叫做并列复合句。 A compound-complex sentence has two or more main clauses and at least one subordinate clause. e.g He said that he would give up smoking, but nobody believed it. 请完成下列练习： 1. Name the typ