高考热点与难点.pptVIP

高考的热点和难点 １各种非谓语形式在句中的成分及区别 ２重点掌握非谓语动词做宾补及分词做状语 ３注意非谓语动词与谓语动词的时间关系，以确定非谓语动词的形式 ４弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词的句法功能 非谓语动词的形式 不定式 1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如： ?????? I’m glad to meet you. ?????? He seems to know a lot. ?????? We plan to pay a visit. ?????? He wants to be an artist. ?????? The patient asked to be operated on at once. ?????? The teacher ordered the work to be done. I am sorry to keep you waiting. I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： ?????? The boy pretended to be working hard. ?????? He seems to be reading in his room. 3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： ?????? I regretted to have told a lie. ?????? I happened to have seen the film. ?????? He is pleased to have met his friend. 2、不定式的句法功能： 1）作主语： ?????? To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. ?????? To lose your heart means failure. To do two things at a time is to do neither. ?动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式： ?????? It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. ?????? It means failure to lose your heart. 2）作表语： ?????? Her job is to clean the hall. (说明主语的性质和内容） ?????? He appears to have caught a cold. He is to marry Rose.（表示计划安排好的将来动作） 3）作宾语 （取决于之前的动词） ?????? 常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：ask, want, decide, expect, afford, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, happen, demand, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如： ?????? Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. You needn’t bother to come yourself. I wish to be a college student. 另：动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： ?????? I have no choice but to stay here. ?????? He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. ?????? 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如： ?????? He gave us some advice on how to learn English. ?????? ? 4）作宾语补足语：（动词+宾语+宾补，即：复合宾语结构） 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语: warn, want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force