18.02 Multivariable Calculus Saylor（18.02多变量微积分塞勒）.pdf

MIT OpenCourseWare 18.02 Multivariable Calculus Fall 2007 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: /terms. Source URL: /courses/mathematics/18-02-multivariable-calculus-fall-2007/lecture-notes/ Saylor URL: /courses/ma103/ Attributed to: [Denis Auroux] Page 1 of 4 18.02 Lecture 16. – Thu, Oct 18, 2007 Handouts: PS6 solutions, PS7. Double integrals. Recall integral in 1-variable calculus: � b f (x) dx = area below graph y = f (x) over [a, b]. a Now: double integral ��R f (x, y) dA = volume below graph z = f (x, y) over plane region R. Cut R into small pieces ΔA ⇒ the volume is approximately � f (x , y ) ΔA . Limit as ΔA → 0 i i i gives ��R f (x, y) dA. (picture shown) How to compute the integral? By taking slices: S (x) = area of the slice by a plane parallel to yz-plane (picture shown): then volume = �xxmax S (x) dx, and for given x, S (x) = � f (x, y) dy. min In the inner integral, x is a fixed parameter, y is the integration variable. We get an iterated integral. Example 1: z = 1 − x2 − y2 , region 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1 (picture shown): � 1 � 1 2 2