Athermal design and analysis for WDM （非热波分复用的设计与分析）.pdf

Header for SPIE use Athermal design and analysis for WDM applications Keith B. Doyle Optical Research Associates Westborough, MA Jeffrey M. Hoffman Optical Research Associates Tucson, AZ ABSTRACT Telecommunication wavelength division multiplexing systems (WDM) demand high fiber-to-fiber coupling to minimize signal loss and maximize performance. WDM systems, with increasing data rates and narrow channel spacing, must maintain performance over the designated wavelength band and across a wide temperature range. Traditional athermal optical design techniques are coupled with detailed thermo-elastic analyses to develop an athermal optical system under thermal soak conditions for a WDM demultiplexer. The demultiplexer uses a pair of doublets and a reflective Littrow- mounted grating employed in a double-pass configuration to separate nine channels of data from one input fiber into nine output fibers operating over the C-band (1530 to 1561.6 nm). The optical system is achromatized and athermalized over a 0°C to 70°C temperature range. Detailed thermo-elastic analyses are performed via a MSC/NASTRAN finite element model. Finite element derived rigid-body positional errors and optical surface deformations are included in the athermalization process. The effects of thermal gradients on system performance are also evaluated. A sensitivity analysis based on fiber coupling efficiency is