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Board Review for Anatomy Loyola University (董事会审查解剖学洛约拉大学)
Board Review for Anatomy
John A. McNulty, Ph.D.
Spring, 2005
.
LOYOLA
UNIVERSITY
CHICAGO
Stritch School of Medicine
Key Skeletal landmarks
• Head - mastoid process, angle of mandible, occipital protuberance
• Neck – thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage
• Thorax - jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphoid process, coracoid process,
costal arch
• Back - vertebra prominence, scapular spine (acromion), iliac crest
• UE – epicondyles, styloid processes, carpal bones.
• Pelvis – ant. sup. iliac spine, pubic tubercle
• LE – head of fibula, malleoli, tarsal bones
Key vertebral levels
• C2 - angle of mandible
• C4 - thyroid notch
• C6 - cricoid cartilage - esophagus, trachea begin
• C7 - vertebra prominence
• T2 - jugular notch; scapular spine
• T4/5 - sternal angle - rib 2 articulates, trachea divides
• T9 - xiphisternum
• L1/L2 - pancreas; spinal cord ends.
• L4 - iliac crest; umbilicus; aorta divides
• S1 - sacral promontory
Upper limb nerve lesions
Recall that any muscle that crosses a joint, acts on that joint. Also recall that
muscles innervated by individual nerves within compartments tend to have similar
actions.
• Long thoracic n. - “winged” scapula.
• Upper trunk (C5,C6) - Erb Duchenne - shoulder rotators,
musculocutaneous
• Lower trunk (C8, T1) - Klumpke’s - ulnar nerve (interossei muscle)
• Radial nerve – (Saturday night palsy) - wrist drop
• Median nerve (recurrent median) – thenar compartment - thumb
• Ulnar nerve - interossei muscles.
Lower limb nerve lesions
Review actions of the various compartments.
• Lumbosacral lesions - usually L4-S1 due to disc herniation. Sciatica.
• Femoral nerve (L2-4) - botched cannulation. - Review femoral sheath and
relationship of nerve, artery, vein, (canal).
• Peroneal nerve - inju
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