Cavitation in Valves ValMatic Valve Mfg（空化阀 ValMatic阀制造）.pdf

® Cavitation in Valves VAL-MATIC VALVE AND MANUFACTURING CORP. 905 RIVERSIDE DRIVE, ELMHURST, IL 60126 TEL. (630) 941-7600 FAX. (630) 941-8042 CAVITATION IN VALVES INTRODUCTION Cavitation can occur in valves when used in throttling or modulating service. Cavitation is the sudden vaporization and condensation of a liquid downstream of the valve due to localized low pressure zones. When flow passes through a throttled valve, a localized low pressure zone forms immediately downstream of the valve. If the localized pressure falls below the vapor pressure of the fluid, the liquid vaporizes (boils) and forms a vapor pocket. As the vapor bubbles flow downstream, the pressure recovers, and the bubbles violently implode causing a popping or rumbling sound similar to tumbling rocks in a pipe. The sound of cavitation in a pipeline is unmistakable. The condensation of the bubbles not only produces a ringing sound, but also creates localized stresses in the pipe walls and valve body that can cause severe pitting. Figure 1. Cavitation Cavitation is a common occurrence in shutoff valves during the last few degrees of closure when the supply pressure is greater than about 100 psig. Valves can withstand limited durations of cavitation, but when the valve must be throttled or modulated in cavitating conditions for long periods of time, the life of the valve can be drastically reduced. Therefore, an analysis of flow conditions is needed when a valve is used for flow or pressure control. CAVITATION ANALYSIS Three levels of cavitation have been defined by AWWA. Incipient cavitation represents the beginning stage of cavitation where light popping noises