CHAPTER2 INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS （第2章介绍材料）.pdf

CHAPTER-2 INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS MANAGEMENT Materials constitute a major cost component for any Industry. The total cost of installed materials (or Value of Materials) may be 60% or more of the total cost (Stukhart 2007, Bernold and Treseler 1991), even though the factory cost may be a minor part of the total, probably less than 20-30%. This is because the manufactured item must be stored, transported, and restored before it is put in place or consumed at the site. The total cost of materials will include, in addition to the manufacturer selling cost, the cost of procurement (cost of placing processing and paying the material, physical distribution, the distributors cost, and the transportation of materials), and the site-handling costs (cost of receiving, storage, issuing, and disposal). The efficient procurement and handling of material represent a key role in the successful completion of the work. It is important for the contractor to consider that there may be significant difference in the date that the material was requested or date when the purchase order was made and the time at which the material will be delivered. These delays can occur if the contractor needs a large quantity of material that the supplier is not able to produce at that time or by any other factors beyond his control. The contractor should always consider procurement of materials is a potential cause for delay (Willis, 2008). 30 Poor planning and control of materials, lack of materials when needed, poor identification of materials, re-handling and inadequate storage cause losses in labor productivity and overall