用单词形成.docVIP

Word formation构词法 The basic part of any word is the root; to it, you can add a prefix at the beginning and/or a suffix at the end to change the meaning. For example, in the word unflattering, the root is simply flatter, while the prefix un- makes the word negative, and the suffix -ing changes it from a verb into an adjective (specifically, a participle). English itself does not use prefixes as heavily as it once did, but many English words come from Latin, which uses prefixes and suffixes (you can use the word affix to refer either to a prefix or a suffix) quite extensively. For example, the words prefix, suffix, and affix themselves are all formed from fix by the used of prefixes: ad (to) + fix (attached) = affix pre (before) + fix = prefix sub (under) + fix = suffix Note that both the -d of ad and the -b of sub change the last letter. Here are some of the most common Latin prefixes (for the meanings of the Latin roots, look up the words in a good dictionary): ab (away) abrupt, absent, absolve ad (to) adverb, advertisment, afflict in (not) incapable, indecisive, intolerable inter (between, among) intercept, interdependent, interprovincial intra (within) intramural, intrapersonal, intraprovincial pre (before) prefabricate, preface prefer post (after) postpone, postscript, postwar sub (under) submarine, subscription, suspect trans (across) transfer, transit, translate III. Ready used materials for Word formation 词根（base, root）：指同根词共有的可以辨认的部分。 词干（stem）：是未经词形变化的原词。前缀（prefix）和后缀(suffix)：原是独立的词或词根，由于经常缀在别的词或词根的前后，辅助中心意义，渐渐就失去了独立的意义和形式，而成为附加的构词部分。?下面，我们来学习一下“合成法（composition）”。?1.合成名词 名词+名词：前面的名词说明后面的名词，中心意义由后面的名词表达，比如，同是book,可以有account book，hand-book，note-book等等。前面的名词可以表示人、物、性别、器具、地点、时间、比喻对象等等。如：eye-shot(视力范围)、buck-rabbit（公兔）、night-school(夜校)、baby-husband（小女婿）等等。形容词+名词：这类词意义关系一目了然，有时候是实指，有时候是指物而拟人。如Blueprints(蓝图)，big hat（大人物）,double-face(两面派)等等。动名词+名词：动名词表示行为或状态的改变，名词往往表示所用的器物，地名等等，如consulting-room（诊室），writing-des