不定式与动名词与分词.docVIP

不定式 不定式 to do / do He asked me to write it 不定式的否定 not to do / not do He asked me not to write it WH疑问词 how / what / when to do 疑问词+toV = 名词短语 ，较长的名词。 1、How to reduce the costs is a big problem ? 2、The problem is where to set up the tent. =The problem is where we should set up the tent. 3、I don’t know whether to laugh or (whether to) get angry. 不定式的时态和语态 不定式的被动式 == to be P.P. 1.I like to teach. I like to be taught. 2.There is a lot to do yet. There is a lot to be done yet. 不定式的进行式==to be Ving They seem to be waiting for us. 不定式的完成式==to have P.P 1.The child seems to have been sick. = It seems that the child was(has been) sick. 在can’t ,couldn’t 之后表否定推测；在must 之后表肯定推测 1.They couldn’t have been on strike. 2.Her mom must have been seriously ill (then). 在should，ought to之后，表示未能实现的事，有责备的意思在里面。 1.You should have seen it.= You didn’t see it. 2.You ought to have kept your words. = You didn’t keep your words.你应该要遵守诺言的。 intend,wish ,would like (都是表“想要”)等动词后 = 未实现 1.I intended to have written to you. 2.I expected him to have helped me with the work. 不定式的用法 作主语 句型： It’s + 形容词(表非人格特质) + for 人 + to V ~ It’s + 形容词(表人格特质) + of 人 + to V ~ 1).It’s dangerous for children to play on the street. =(For children) to play on the street is dangerous. 2).It’s stupid of me to do such a thing. =I was stupid to do such a thing. （二）作主语补语 1).The expensive picture has been proved to be a fake 2).A student is alleged to have introduced a virus into the computer (三)作表语( be + to do ) 1)、A doctor’s duty is to take care of sick people. 2)、His fault is to talk too much. （四）作宾语 1、V + to do 1)、We decided to put off the meeting. 2)、My son demands to see a dentist. 2、V+ it + C + to do 1). She found it impossible to understand him. =She found [that it is impossible to understand him]. 2). I think it too careless of you to lose the watch. 3). He makes it a rule to keep good hours. 3、V + WH疑问词+ to do He asked how to get to the railway station ? （五）作宾语补语 ( V + O + to do ) 表希望；