Charpter 7 Solutions-2008级April12课件.pptVIP

Chapter 7 Solutions;7.1 Thermodynamic Activity;What if a species is in a condensed phase, liquid or solid, pure or dissolved ? ;7.2 Partial Molar Quantities;and;(A+B) solution:;P172, read together;7.3 Relative Partial Molar Quantities;1 mole of solution:;7.4 Entropy of Mixing:Ideal Solution;Bonding energy between two atoms; At equilibrium, the pressure of A in the vapor phase is different from that of pure A only because its concentration in the solution is lowered, and the same for B;So, PA , which is in equilibrium with the solution (A+B);A;Pure A as its standard state:;The molar entropy of mixing for a solution of (A-B):;7.5 Enthalpy of Mixing:Ideal solution;Volume change in forming ideal solutions:;Summary , in forming 1 mole ideal solution: ;7.6 Graphical Representation;Linear relationship; ,and hence , are independent of the choice of zero point on the scales for and . ;7.7 Nonideal Solutions;Interactions between particles;Forming an ideal solution, change of state functions ?;An extreme of ① type nonideal solution:;② type;② type;“mn” ：the double tangent line, which determine the composition of the two phases in equilibrium, because of the equal chemical potential requirement of a component in the two phases. ;Extream: clustering of “like” atoms is great enough to cause phase separation.;An extreme of ② type nonideal solution:;Summary : three types of solutions ;type ① ;Activity: ;Henry’s Law:;7.8 Gibbs-Duhem Relation;So:;If in a composition range, B behaves ideally, ie.?B=1, then ?A = const. ; ②: xB 1, “B” is much a majority and behaves ideally, while “A” is a dilute solute, and in the range xA 0, ;7.10 Integrating the Gibbs-Duhem Equation;7.9 Dilute Solutions and Colligative Properties;播糯锹训帅蔼被奈段垒币土碾堕讫懊桨勃蔑若高厦俄忽矢派竿痹汲屉阀赦Charpter 7 Solutions-2008级April12课件Charpter 7 Solutions-2008级April12课件;Dilute solutions, colligati