Chapter 4Negative Externalities课件.ppt

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2017-08-19 发布于河南
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Chapter 4Negative Externalities课件.ppt

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Chapter 4Negative Externalities课件

Chapter 4: Negative Externalities;General Overview;Examples of production externalities;Production Externalities ;Mathematical Representation of production externalities ;Unregulated competition with externalities;Policies to achieve social optimum Q*;Policy 1: Tax-1;Mathematical expression;Welfare implications of externality tax;Policy 1: Tax-2;Policy 1: Tax-3;Policy 2: Output-reduction Subsidy;Welfare implications of subsidy;Problem with subsidy;Policy 3: Standards on Pollution/Output;Welfare implications of quotas;Quotas v. externality taxes;Elasticity Effects on the Magnitude of Externalities;Elasticity and regulation;Unexpected result of regulation?!;Imperfect Competition and Externality Policy;Low MSC;High MSC;Production Externalities:Example ;Social optimum;Unregulated vs. Regulated Competition:;Unregulated Monopoly;Unregulated Middleman;Consumption Externalities;Graph of consumption externalities;Externalities from Smoking;Policies to control cigarettes ;Policy consequences;The Economics of Illicit Drugs;Economic impacts of drug policy