chpter13 monopolistic competition课件.pptVIP

Monopolistic Competition垄断竞争;Framework of this class;1. what is monopolistic competition?什么是垄断竞争 ------Markets that have some features of competition and some features of monopoly.既有完全竞争市场的一些特征，一有垄断市场的一些特征 ------ Monopolistic competition exhibits a considerable amount of competition mixed with a small dose of monopoly power.垄断竞争市场展现了相当一部分的完全竞争的特性，这些特性里又掺杂了一小部分的垄断特性;provides the “monopolistic” aspect.;;There are two curves in monopolistic competition market. They are d curve and D curve.在垄断竞争市场上，有两条需求曲线，即d曲线和D曲线。;2.the short run equilibrium of monopolistically competitive firms垄断厂商的短期均衡;2.the short run equilibrium of monopolistically competitive firms垄断厂商的短期均衡;So, in the short-run equilibrium, there are three kinds of situation: positive economic profit, zero economic profit and loss.;3.the long run equilibrium of monopolistically competitive firms 垄断厂商的长期均衡;To sum up, two characteristics describe the long-run equilibrium in a monopolistically competitive market: ;Excess capacity过剩生产能力;Monopolistic competition and the welfare of society垄断竞争与社会福利;A new firm entering the market with a new product has two external effects.每当一家新企业考虑带着进入市场时，有两种外部效应：;4.advertising广告;4.1 the debate over advertising;4.1.2 the defense of advertising;4.2 advertising as a signal of quantity;4.3 brand names;The debate over brand names thus centers on the question of whether consumers are rational in preferring brand names over generic substitutes. Critics of brand names argue that brand names are the results of an irrational consumer response to advertising. Defenders of brand names argue that consumers have good reason to pay more for brand-name products because they can be more confident in the quality of these products.;讨论广电局的限广令、限娱令