Chapter 6 Polymer Structures课件.ppt

Chapter 6 Polymer Structures;6.1、POLYMER MOLECULES;6.2、THE CHEMISTRY OF POLYMER MOLECULES;The active site, or unpaired electron (denoted by ) is transferred to each successive end monomer as it is linked to the chain. This may be represented schematically as follows:;The final result, after the addition of many ethylene monomer units, is the polyethylene molecule; a portion of one such molecule and the polyethylene repeat unit are shown in Figure 6.1a. This polyethylene chain structure can also be represented as;Figure 6.1For polyethylene, (a) a schematic representation of repeat unit and chain structures, and (b) a perspective of the molecule, indicating the zigzag backbone structure.;Some polymers may be represented using the following generalized form:;Figure 6.2 Repeat unit and chain structures for (a) polytetrafluoroethylene聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）, (b) poly(vinyl chloride)聚氯乙烯（PVC）, and (c) polypropylene聚丙烯（PP）.;汕轻火宪魄氖度释叙熔漏盒睹糊皖恒面吠涩赤砍均趴票呼抖刃舱胆镍琼渝Chapter 6 Polymer Structures课件Chapter 6 Polymer Structures课件;PS(聚苯乙烯) PMMA（聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯） Bakelite（酚醛塑料 电木）;Nylon (尼龙) ethylene terephthalate (聚乙烯对苯二酸酯) Polycarbonate (聚碳酸酯);When all the repeating units along a chain are of the same type, the resulting polymer is called a homopolymer(均聚物). Chains may be composed of two or more different repeat units, in what are termed copolymers(共聚物);6.3、MOLECULAR STRUCTURE;6.4、MOLECULAR CONFIGURATIONS;One arrangement is possible when the R side groups of successive repeat units are bound to alternate carbon atoms as follows:;Isomerism(异构体) is found in polymer molecules, wherein different atomic configurations are possible for the same composition. Two isomeric subclasses, stereoisomerism(立体异构) and geometrical isomerism(几何异构), are topics of discussion in the succeeding sections.;Isotactic(全同立构) configuration;Figure 6.4a;Figure 6.5a In a syndiotactic configuration, the R groups alternate sides of the chain;Figure 6.6a;B. Geometrical Isomerism;Figure 6.7b;For cis-isoprene the linear chain represen