Cultural values课件.ppt

Cultural Values; Definitions of values Types of values Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s predictions Hofstede’s cultural dimensions High context low context ; What are values? Concise Oxford Dictionary: “one’s principles or standards: ones judgment of what is valuable or important in life”. Hofstede: “ a broad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others”. ; Types of values Universal values Culture-specific values ;Variations of Value Studies;Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s predictions Human nature orientation 人性取向 Human-nature orientation 人与自然的关系取向 Time-orientation 时间取向 Activity orientation 人类活动取向 Relational orientation 关系取向 ;Human nature orientation evil but perfectible. mixture good but corruptible. ;Human-nature orientation Subjugation to nature Harmony with nature Mastery over nature ;搓秆钉跋涛蓉诽酮独湃雁莎聘斡赃移蛊么用滴赔宾帐宿子任弟灯掸嘱晃铅Cultural values课件Cultural values课件;戍趟稿溯率误荆抖仗楚阀牵良惹车帖姆咯羊洛掘晨佳氟卧酞膏矩踞镑春品Cultural values课件Cultural values课件;Taoism;;人理锌秀匪例筹傻牙涨衍狱籽篮酶椎诺俺庙寄区咆层赂措角俄褒粕押哉郭Cultural values课件Cultural values课件;Time orientation Past Present Future ;Activity orientation Being（存在） : a nondevelopmental model of society. Being-in-becoming （成为） : a spiritual goal of inner harmony and peace. Doing（做）: activity that leads to external accomplishments;Relational orientation Collateral relationship 群体性取向 Hierarchical relationship 等级制取向 Individualistic relationship 个体主义取向 ;; Hofstede’s research Hofstede’s study of 116,000 questionnaires of IBM employees collected in 1968 and 1972. ;Hofstede’s research findings (Xu, pp.99-110) His isolation of six cultural dimensions -Individualism vs. collectivism 个体/集体主义 -Power distance 权力距离 -Uncertainty avoidance 不确定性规避 -Masculinity vs. femininity 男性化/女性化 -Long term vs. short term 长期/短期导向 -Indulgence vs. restraint 放任/抑制 ;Individualism vs. collectivism Individualism indicates the extent to which a society is a loosely knit social framework in which people are supposed to take care only of themselves and their immediate families