diffraction课件.pptVIP

Chapter31 Diffraction and Polarization; Diffraction effects occur whenever a wave passes through an aperture(缝隙) or around an obstacle. They are important in practical applications of physical optics such as diffraction gratings, x-ray diffraction, and holography(全息照相).;diffraction(衍射) alternating bright and dark fringes (明暗交替的条纹) aperture(孔，缝隙) infinitesimal(无穷小的) emanate(发出，发射) Fresnel diffraction(菲涅尔衍射) Fraunhofer diffraction(夫琅和费衍射) diffraction grating(衍射光栅) holography(全息摄影术);Huygens principle;“the bending of light around an obstacle”;light source;f;2;4. It happens that BC is divided into two strips. BC= asin? =2(?/2), A dark fringe will be found. Thinking: how about 4, 6, 8…strips? how about 3, 5, 7…strips?; Width of the single-slit pattern; Divide the slit into N strips of equal width. The phase difference of the light from two adjacent strips is ? . Every light wave is represented by , is the superposition of . So;3. Intensity in the Single-Slit Pattern (P.705-707);3. Intensity in the Single-Slit Pattern (P.705-707);Example: You pass 633-nm laser light through a narrow slit and observe the diffraction pattern on a screen 6.0 m away. You find that the distance on the screen between the centers of the first minima outside the central bright fringe is 32mm. How wide is the slit?;Solution:;(a)?AM waves travel faster than FM waves (b)?AM wavelengths are shorter than FM wavelengths (c)?AM waves are scattered more than FM waves (d)?AM waves are diffracted more than FM waves ;1. what is diffraction grating? An array of a large number of parallel slits, all with the same width a and spaced equal distances d between centers, is called a diffraction grating.;2. Intensity in the grating diffraction pattern;3. the characteristics of of the pattern;Thinking: N=?;0;4. Grating Spectrometers(光栅光谱仪);Example:The wavelengths of the visible spectrum are approximately 400nm to 700nm. Find the angular width of the first-order visible spectrum