大陆动力学演化与成矿课程(毛景文)-1.pptVIP

图3 白银矿田折腰山矿床综合剖面图 芒特艾萨——比较典型的以沉积岩为容岩的块状硫化物矿床 同生矿床中比较典型的结构和构造 祁连山西段镜铁山式SEDEX型铁矿床 Ta’ergou Xiaoliugou 镜铁山式BIF型铁矿矿床模型 大陆边缘深凹陷槽中以沉积岩为容岩的（SEDEX型）铅锌矿床模型 The Pacmanus story. In the 1980s search for seafloor sulfides was well under way, with several nations competing (even cooperating). In the 1970s the sulfide discoveries (almost 100 localities by 2000) were mostly at oceanic spreading ridges. The new crop of discoveries has been within submerged consuming plate margins: in ridges corresponding to magmatic arc, in back-arc basins, in fore-arc basins (especially in settings of numerous competing subduction zones changing polarity). Melanesian Arc in western Pacific became the favourable hunting ground. In 1985, the American expedition discovered the “Vienna Woods” fields of black smokers interspersed with “forests” of deceased, still standing or collapsed mineral chimneys. The chimneys consisted of base metal sulfides (mostly chalcopyrite, sphalerite) with silica, barite, anhydrite and other gangue minerals, and they had high Cu+Zn grades (approaching, in places, those of concentrates) and Au Ag. In 1991 the Australian CSIRO (Ray Binns) found the Pacmanus field, between New Britain and New Ireland Islands. There, the chimneys and ores expend intermittently for 13 km along a dacite ridge. The hydrothermal activity coexists with prolific wildlife of hyperthermophyllic fauna, capable of tolerating temperatures of up to 150 degrees (optimum 80-100 degrees), plus highly acid and heavy metals rich waters. Microorganisms are asasociated with visible clams and worm that colonize dying chimneys and their surrounding. In 1996 still another promising field has been found on top of the underwater Su-Su volcano near Rabaul and in 1998 a private company, Nautilus Minerals, obtained several exploration licences in the area. Although credible resources has still not been published, eventual mining tends to be technologically feasible because of the relatively shallow depths