有机化学Chap8 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers(2013-醇1)课件.pptVIP

Chap 8 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers;Section 1 Alcohols;primary alcohol CH3CH2OH; Alcohol are named systemically by dropping the final “e” of the parent hydrocarbon and adding the suffix “ol.” The functional group, OH(hydroxyl), is given the lowest number possible, taking precedence over other groups in the molecule. The longest carbon chain is identified and the substituents numbered appropriately.;methanol;2-propanol;3-chloro-4-fluoro-2-pentanol;4-methyl-4-hexene-2-ol;Ⅱ. Preparation of Alcohol;2. From alkyl halides;3. From carbonyl compounds;Aldehydes or ketones react with Grignard reagents can get secondary or tertiary alcohols.;In the reaction, halide reactivity increases in the order: Cl Br I.;Ⅲ. Physical Properties;These special physical properties are due to the existence of hydrogen bonding. ;2. Alcohols are quite water soluble, and most of the smaller molecules are miscible with, or at least highly soluble in water.; The functional group of the alcohols is the hydroxyl group, -OH.;Ⅳ. Chemical Properties;1. Rupture of O－H bond; The acidity of alcohols are weaker than that of water.;2. Rupture of C－O bond; The activities of halogen acids (HX):;岁棉周哈侠刁脱陈恫邀农航灌壬杉腕票款编爹你珠姜婿必货猛地疟粱鳖拘有机化学Chap8 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers(2013-醇1)课件有机化学Chap8 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers(2013-醇1)课件;To avoid rearrangement, we can use thionyl chloride (SOCl2) or phosphorus trihalides (PX3) to instead of halogen acids (HX.); Hydrochloric acid/dry zinc chloride which is called Lucas reagent. ; Tertiary alcohols react with Lucas reagent at once and release heat.;(2) Dehydration;B. intramolecular;;(3) React with inorganic oxacid (esterification);Ascanio Sobrero 索布雷罗 ;1998年诺贝尔医学奖;coordinate bond;phosphatidate (磷脂);phosphatidylcholine (磷脂酰胆碱，卵磷脂);nucleotides of DNA;The above acids have two or three hydroxyls, so they can react with two or three molecules of alcohol.;3. Oxidation reaction; Collins reagent (chromium trioxide in pyridine) ;4. React with cupric hydroxide and period