美国研究生组织行为学课件10-沟通.ppt

This graph outlines the communication process between the sender and the receiver. The sender takes the message to be sent and encodes it either through verbal or written methods. They pass the message through the determined channel and then it is handed off to the receiver who receives the message and decodes it. The process is hindered by noise or communication barriers such as the perceived message. Feedback is the check on how successful we were in passing the correct message to the receiver. (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, All rights reserved. * There are a few different channels of communication in the workplace. The first type is formal channels. These channels transmit messages that are related to the professional activities of the members, such as email, memos, and planned speeches. The second type is informal channels, used to transmit personal or social messages. This channel is more spontaneous in nature and a result of individual choices, such as who you eat lunch with. (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, All rights reserved. * In an organization communication flows in three different directions. It can flow downward from the top management to people in lower levels of the organization. It can flow up from workers on the ground floor to the CEO or it can flow between or within departments in a lateral movement. (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, All rights reserved. * As we looked at earlier, communication can move through different channels and take on different forms. There is oral communication or the spoken word. This form of communication is quick and there is immediate feedback – the disadvantage is that the message can be distorted based on the sender and the receiver. Written communication is another channel and one that is tangible and easy to go back to verify. The problems are that it takes a lot of time to do and there is no immediate feedback. Nonverbal communication is another channel often used in organizations. This can be a nod, a look, or the crossi