英语写作中如何有效论证——段落内部的关系.docVIP

[经验思考] 如何有效论证——段落内部的关系 [复制链接] AdelineShen 荣誉版主 声望 1554 寄托币 14568 注册时间 2009-4-17 精华 18 帖子 2907 关注TA 加好友 标签 发消息 段落内部的关系一、段落的基本概念：１． 段落的作用：An informative paragraph should tell your readers all they need to know about a single idea, in a logical sequence, without wasting their time with irrelevant detail.这里注意段落基本的三要素：( 一个独立的观点－和Thesis密切相关 一个合理的逻辑顺序( 没有无关细节(注意：段落的结构和整体文章的结构是一致的，段落组织联系的关系就和文章是一样的：Groups of paragraphs make up the sections of your paper, which are its next larger logical units. Most of the principles for writing informative paragraphs apply to whole sections, too, so we wont deal separately with putting sections together. Whatever I say about putting sentences together into paragraphs applies also to putting paragraphs together into sections.-The structure of a paragraph parallels the structure of an essay in order as well as content.２． 段落的长短问题：首先原因一段比较有趣的论断：An essay is like a girls skirt-it should be long enough to cover the topic(body) and short enough to be interesting!实际上段落的长短是没有一个绝对的标准的，就像上面那句话一样，长短适度，根据话题和论述的需要。 但是，(过短的段落说明你信息不足，论证不充分，观点的选择比较肤浅，论述的范围比较窄。 过长的段落说明你信息冗余，或者不相关细节过多，讨论过宽。(一、 段落的组成结构：１． The topic sentence:有两个作用：首先它实际上是你本段话题的Thesis,起到和全文的Thesis一样的作用。其次，它是全文的Thesis的进一步的推广和具体化；一般来说，TS总是在文章的开头的第一或者第二句话，很少可以见到在文章的最后出现，并且最好不要这样使用！２． Supporting evidence/analysis:由论据和论证组成，为了合理的论证观点TS.必须在论据和论证之间找到一个平衡！３． The conclusion(observation):结论句总是在文章的最后一句或者倒数第二句！结论句除了总结上文的论述，还要在此总结上做好向下一个分论点的过度。段落组成实例：In modern America, as it happens, the importance of overlooking is probably greater than ever before.??Even a person trying to lead a quiet, simple life encounters an endless stream of annoyances, errors and petty demands such as paperwork, filing numbers and taxes; long lines at the bank; exponentially aggravating traffic jams and sullen, uncooperative coworkers and neighbors.??Those of us who cannot overlook such annoyances will invariably succumb to self-defeating dismay.注意上面，划单线的是TS,蓝色的是Conclusion，中间的是Supporting details.二、