第12章计算机学科基础.pptVIP

Chapter 12 Information Systems 信息系统 12-* Chapter Goals Define the role of general information systems 定义一般信息系统的角色 Explain how spreadsheets are organized 解释电子数据表的结构 Create spreadsheets for basic analysis of data 为数据的基础分析创建电子数据表 Define appropriate spreadsheet formulas using built-in functions 用内置函数定义适用的电子数据表公式 12-* Chapter Goals Design spreadsheets to be flexible and extensible 设计可扩展的、灵活的电子数据表 Describe the elements of a database management system 描述数据库管理系统的元素 Describe the organization of a relational database 描述关系数据库的结构 12-* Chapter Goals Establish relationships among elements in a database 在数据库的各元素间建立关系 Write basic SQL statements 编写基本的SQL语句 Describe an entity-relationship diagram 描述一个实体 – 关系图 12-* Managing Information信息管理 Information system Software that helps us organize and analyze data 信息系统：帮助我们组织和分析数据的软件。 Flexible application software tools that allow the user to dictate and manage the organization of data, and that have basic processing capabilities to analyze the data in various ways Two of the most popular general application information systems are electronic spreadsheets and database management systems 两种最常用的一般信息管理系统是电子制表软件和数据库管理系统。 12-* Spreadsheets电子制表软件 Spreadsheet A software application that allows the user to organize and analyze data using a grid of labeled cells单元格 A cell can contain data or a formula that is used to calculate a value Data stored in a cell can be text, numbers, or “special” data such as dates Spreadsheet cells are referenced by their row and column designation Figure 12.1 A spreadsheet, made up of a grid of labeled cells 12-* Spreadsheets Suppose we have collected data on the number of students that came to get help from a set of tutors over a period of several weeks 假设我们搜集了几个星期以来向一组辅导老师求助的学生数据。 Figure 12.1 A spreadsheet containing data and computations 12-* Spreadsheet Formulas电子数据表公式 The power of spreadsheets comes from the formulas that we can create and store in cells 电子数据表的能力源于我们创建并存储在单元格中的公式。 When a formu