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EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY 长沙泰和医院神经外科 何承彪 Importance The external carotid artery supplies the scalp, face, ear, nose, pharynx, dura mater and the upper part of the neck. Due to the extensive anastomoses among the internal, external carotid arteries and the vertebro-basilar arterises, imaging or superselective imaging of the external carotid artery is important in investigation of craniofacial or intracranial pathology. External Carotid Artery External Carotid Artery The external carotid artery ususally branches from the common carotid artery at C4 level, although there may be variation in the level of branching. After bifurcation from the common carotid artery, it gives 8 major branches. 1. Superior thyroid artery From its origin under the anterior border of the?Sternocleidomastoideus?it runs upward and forward for a short distance in the?carotid triangle, where it is covered by the skin,?Platysma, and fascia; it then arches downward beneath the?Omohyoideus,?Sternohyoideus, and?Sternothyreoideus. To its medial side are the?Constrictor pharyngis inferior?and the external branch of the?superior laryngeal nerve. Lingual artery Lingual artery is the second branch of the external carotid arartery, which mainly supplies the ipsilateral side of the tongue and sublingual glands. It branches from the anteromedial wall of the external carotid artery, slightly above the superior thyroid artery and inferior to the facial artery. It is present on the C3 vertebral body level and inferior to the angle of mandible on lateral projection. Lingual artery Lingual artery Normal lingual artery, lateral projection 1.dorsal lingual artery 2.pharyngeal branches 3.deep lingual artery 4.sublingual artery Lingual artery Normal lingual artery, lateral projection. 1.branches of the submandibular gland 2.suprahyoid branches 3.sublingual artery 4.mandibular branch 5.submental branch 6.deep lingual artery 3、FACIAL ARTERY Facial artery is the third branch o