主观和一致的语法.docVIP

主谓一致 主谓一致指的是句子的主语和谓语在人称和数上必须要保持一致.其规则如下: 1.单一主语的主谓一致: 单数的主语跟单数的动词，复数的主语跟复数的动词，这是符合语法一致的原则。但在实际运用中，往往会出现较为复杂的情况： A．?形复意单的名词作主语 形复意单的名词作主语（即形式为复数，意义为单数），按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。 1. 许多学科名称，如mathematics, physics, economics, politics等，以及news等名词作主语时，动词用单数。? Physics is required of every student in our school. 物理是我校每个学生的必修科目。? News is traveling fast nowadays. 当今新闻传播得很快。 2. 用作国名、组织机构、书名、报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待，谓语用单数。? The United Nations has passed a resolution to lift sanctions against Iraq. 联合国通过了解除对伊制裁的决定。? The Times reports the news of the strike. 时代杂志报导了罢工的消息。? Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860. 《远大前程》是狄更斯于1860年写的。? 注意：? 如果山脉、群岛、瀑布等名称作主语时，谓语动词用复数。? The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada. 五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间。? The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. 菲律宾群岛在中国东南太平洋西部。? The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River. 尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上。 3. 一些形复意单的名词，包括有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名称，作主语时，谓语用复数。这类名词有：trousers/pants,socks,glasses,shoes,scissors（剪子）,chopsticks等。但如果这些名词跟pair连用，谓语动词取决于pair.? My blue trousers have been worn out. 我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。? His glasses are new. 他的眼镜是新的。 A pair of glasses costs quite a lot now. Two pairs of shoes are under the bed. 4. 单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数；用作复数意义时，谓语用复数。这类名词有：sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等。? The (This) glass works was set up in 1986. 这家玻璃厂建于1986年。? The (These) glass works are near the railway station. 这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。? This species of rose is very rare. 这种玫瑰很稀有。? The species of fish are numerous. 鱼的种类很多。? Sheep are raised for wool. 养羊是为了剪毛。? There is a sheep under the tree. 树下有一只绵羊。? 比较：? 当这类名词前有a, such a, this, that, every修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数。? Every means has been tried out without much result. 每一种方法都试过了却没什么结果。? All means have been tried out without much result. 所有方法都试过了却没什么结果。 B.集合名词的主谓一致 1)有些集合名词如audience,army,class,crew(船员),company,crowd(人群)，enmy,family,group,government,public,population,team等作主语时，若