语法特别3副词.docVIP

第三部分 状语从句 状语从句, 作为一种副词性从句, 种类繁多, 贯穿初、高中语法学习. 本讲根据状语从句的意义和在句子中的作用, 对时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、比较、方式、让步等状语从句类型及用法逐一进行分析. 学习状语从句的难点是连词的运用和主、从句中动词时态的把握. 连词的使用有时相当复杂, 有些连词如as可以引导多种状语从句. 一、知识点拔 (一)时间状语从句(Adverbial Clause of Time) ★问题1：引导时间状语从句的连接词有哪些？ 引导时间状语从句的常用连接词有：while, when, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, once, as, as soon as, no sooner…than, hardly/ scarcely/ barely…when, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the first time, the last time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等, ★问题二：when, while和as的用法有何区别? 1. when既能表示时间点, 也能表示时间段；while只能表示时间段. 如： 1）When/While our English teacher was explaining the grammar to us, the headmaster came in and stopped him. 2) Our English teacher was explaining the grammar to us when the headmaster came in and stopped him. 2. while引导的从句中的动词通常为延续性动词, 且常可用进行时. 如： While her classmates were looking for jobs, she was busy writing her graduating essay. 3. 若从句动作发生在主句动作之前, 通常用when 引导从句. 如： When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you. 4. as强调伴随, 常指两个动作同时发生. 如： As she entered, she responded pleasantly to the interviewer’s greeting. 5. 若从句表示“随着…(时间)的流逝”. 只能用as. 如：As the day went on, the weather got worse. 6. while还可作“而”解, 表示对比. 如：Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 7. 当主句是过去进行时、过去完成时, 或was／were about to do sth等结构时, 从句用when引导, 且 只能置于主句后面, 从句中谓语动词通常是瞬间动词的一般过去时. 这时when作“这时, 正在那时, (突然)…”解. 如： 1) He was walking along the street when he ran into an old friend. 2) I had read only a few lines when I heard the bell ringing. 3) He was about to return to the path, when he saw a river nearby, so he went to have a closer look. 4) I was just on the point of going when you came in. 5) I was halfway back to the cottage where my mother lived when Susan caught up with me. ★问题三：after和before的用法须注意什么? 1. after从句的动作发生在主句动作之前, 故若主句的动词是过去时, 从句通常用过去完成时. 也可用过去时；而before从句的动作发生在主句动作之后. 故若从句的动词是过去时. 主句通常用过去完成时. 也可用过去时. 如： 1）He bought a house after he sold／had sold hi