冒顶及其预兆（The summit and its harbingers）.docVIP

冒顶及其预兆（The summit and its harbingers） In underground mining, the natural collapse of the upper part of the rock strata. It is due to the post-mining post-equilibrium that the original balance of mine pressure has been destroyed. In the work of coal mining, it is sometimes planned to drop the upper coal seam, also known as the ceiling. Coal mine is the most common and most vulnerable accident. Under normal circumstances, there are several precursors to the event: (1) make a noise. When the rock strata subsidence and the roof pressure increases sharply, the wooden brackets will split and then break the column. The pillar of metals living column is shrinking fast and making a lot of noise. (2) slags. When the top plate is seriously broken, the top slurry will appear, and the more slag, the greater the pressure of the roof. (3) more coal increases. Because the coal wall is under pressure, it becomes soft, and the film is more coal than usual. (4) roof cracks. The roof cracks and opens and cracks increase. (5) the roof appears on the ionosphere. Check top board to use ask the top method, commonly known as knock to ask top. If the sound is clear, the roof is intact; The roof made an empty noise, indicating that the upper and lower strata had been separated from each other. (6) leak top. Before the top, the broken false top or the direct roof can sometimes be caused by the lack of the top of the roof and the leakage of the roof, forming the ceiling, and the scaffold is loose and causing the roof. (7) water dripping. The water flow of the roof has increased significantly. The general preventive measures should be taken from the following aspects to effectively prevent the accident: (1) the stenting mode needs to adapt to the lithology of the roof, and the roof of different lithologies should be adopted differently. If a stronger roof can be used for a point column, the soft and fragile roof will be used in a shed, with a back plate on the beam and a bamboo shield on the bac