第2讲 需求供给与市场价格课件.ppt

“你可以使一只鹦鹉成为经济学家，但前提必须是让它明白‘供给’和‘需求’。” ----------------萨缪尔逊《经济学》 思考： 1、农业的好消息是否是农民的好消息？ 2、最低工资法是否是保障工人福利的好制度？ The Market Forces of Supply and Demand Supply and demand are the two words that economists use most often. Supply and demand are the forces that make market economies work. Modern microeconomics is about supply, demand, and market equilibrium. 供给与需求的市场力量 供给和需求是经济学家最常用的两个词。（ Supply and demand are the two words that economists use most often ） 供给和需求是让市场经济运行的力量。 （Supply and demand are the forces that make market economies work.） （ Modern microeconomics is about supply, demand, and market equilibrium. ）现代微观经济学就是关于供给、需求和市场均衡的学科。 Markets A market is a group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service. 市场 市场 是指某种物品或劳务的一群买者与卖者的集合。 Markets and competition 市场与竞争 Buyers determine demand. 买者决定需求 A Competitive Market 完全竞争市场 A competitive market is a market in which there are many buyers and sellers so that each has a negligible impact on the market price 竞争市场——有很多买者和卖者的市场，所以每一个买者或卖者对市场价格的影响都可以忽略不计。 Competitive Market完全竞争市场 Products are the same Numerous buyers and sellers so that each has no influence over price Buyers and Sellers are price takers Competition: Perfect and Otherwise Monopoly One seller, and seller controls price Oligopoly Few sellers Not always aggressive competition Competition: Perfect and Otherwise 竞争: 完全及其它 Demand 需求 Quantity demanded is the amount of a good that buyers are willing and able to purchase. 需求量是指买者愿意而且能够购买的一种物品或劳务的数量。 Law of Demand 需求规律 The law of demand states that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. 需求规律认为，价格与需求量之间的关系是负关系。 Demand Schedule 需求表 The demand schedule is a table that shows the relationship between the price of the good and the quantity demanded. 需求表 —— 表示一种物品的价格与需求量之间关系的表格。 Catherine’s Demand Schedule 凯瑟琳的需求表 Demand Curve 需求曲线 The demand curve is the downward-sloping line relating price to quantity demanded. 需求曲线——把价格与需求量联系在一起的向右下方倾斜的曲线。 Figu