新的目标unit4语法.docVIP

Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 直接引语和间接引语 直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语（Direct Speech）;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语(Reported Speech / Indirect Speech)。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1、如何变人称： 口诀：一主，二宾，三不变；若无宾语定第一。 一主：是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人 称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She?said to me.?My?brother?wants?to?go shopping?with?me.?” →She?said to me that?her?brother wanted?to?go shopping?with?her. 二宾：是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二 人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的 主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： ? He?said?to?Kate.?How?is?your?sister?now?” →He?asked?Kate?how?her?sister?was?then。 三不变：是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被 第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr?Smith?said,Jack?is?a?good?boy.“ →Mr?Smith?said?Jack?was?a?good?boy. 若无宾语定第一:提指主句中没有宾语，宾语定为第一人称。 She?said.?My?brother?wants?to?go shopping?with?me.?” →She?said that?her?brother wanted?to?go shopping?with?her. 2、如何变时态： 当主句是一般现在时，从句时态不变；当主句是一般过去时，直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1) 一般现在时→一般过去时态； She said:” I am a student. ” → She said (that) she was a student. 2)一般将来时→过去将来时 She?said, He?will?go?to?see?his?friend.” →She?said?he?would?go?to?see?his?friend。 Tom said,” I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” → Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow. 3) 现在进行时→过去进行时； She said, “I am reading a book.” →She said she was reading a book. 注意：以下几种情况时态不变 ①直接引语是客观真理。 The?teacher said The?earth?moves?around?the?sun.” →?The?teacher?said?me?the?earth?moves?around? the?sun?earth.②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jack?said.?“I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”→Jack?said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him. ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语， 变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Jack?said.?I?was?born?on?April?2l,?1980.? ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He?said,?“I?get?up?at?six?every?morning。”?→He?said?he?gets?up?at?six?every?morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变 （例：could,?should,?would,?might） The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” → The doct