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隧道系统安全及消防设计问答－英文
Systems/Fire Safety
Question 1: We are a small engineering consultant firm working on specifying the ventilation requirements for a tunnel underneath a airport runway. The length is approx 800 feet and the traffic pattern is assumed to be only that traffic on the airport property to move luggage, fuel,misc. NFPA 502 provides minimum guidelines for a tunnel fire. My question is what are the normal ventilation guidelines,if any, for tunnel design?
Answer: The ventilation of a tunnel for normal operations has the main objective of diluting the concentration of CO to acceptable limits for the traveling public inside a tunnel. FHWA and EPA have suggested the following limits based on the exposure time inside the tunnel.
max 120 ppm for 15 minutes max 65 ppm for 30 minutes max 45 ppm for 45 minutes max 35 ppm for 60 minutes
In addition, during and emergency inside a tunnel, the ventilation system could be used to help manage the heat and smoke of a fire inside the tunnel.
Question 2: Is there a minimum average airflow while developing a tunnel? Phrased differently. Is there a minimum retention time of an airbourne contaminate in a developing tunnel?
Answer: Standard tunnel design references address vehicle emission concentration limits and design procedures for limiting vehicle emissions in operating tunnels.
For limiting contaminants during tunnel construction, OSHA has air quality worker health and safety requirements that would address a tunnel under construction.
Question 3: Is an Automatic Fire Sprinkler system recommended to be provided for Fire Protection in a transportation tunnel?
Answer: There are very few tunnels throughout the world that have sprinkler systems installed in them. Given our present knowledge of the subject the use of sprinkler systems in road tunnels are not recommended for the following reasons:
Water can disperse burning liquids over a large surface area;
With some materials, contact with water can produce dangerous reactio
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