基本的语法知识.docVIP

句法基础知识 简单句 只含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。简单句一般可分为五种基本句型。 1.主+系+表（S+Link verb+C） 表语类型 例 句 名 词 She turned a lawyer.她当了律师。 代 词 ---Who is it ? 你是谁 ？ ---It’s me. 是我。 数 词 He will be 16 next year.他明年满十六岁了。 形 容 词 It is getting colder.天气渐渐冷起来。 副 词 He is up and about.他能起来活动了。 非谓语动词（短语） To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 介词短语 It appears of no value.它似乎没价值。 从 句 His hair looked as if it had been electrified.他的头发看起来像触了电似的。 Her cry sounded that she was in great danger.从她的喊声听起来好像她处于险境之中。 2.主+不及物动词 （S+Vi） The phone rings. 电话响了。 The rain stopped. 雨停了。 注意：表示“时间、距离、程度”的名词（短语）作状语，不要误当成宾语。如： We’ve worked five hours. 我们已工作了五小时。 They have come a long way. 他们从大老远来。 The temperature fell several degrees. 气温降了几度。 3、主+及物动词+宾 （S+Vt+O） We study English. 我们学英语。 The children are playing cards. 孩子们在打牌。 The police stopped the car. 警方拦截了这辆车。 4、主+及物动词+间宾+直宾（S+Vt+IO+DO） My parents bought me a new coat. 我父母给我买了件新外衣。 I gave him some money. 我给了他一些钱。 He asked me a question. 他问了我一个问题。 注意：当直接宾语和间接宾语的位置倒置时，它们之间要加入适当的介词来连接。依据动词的不同，介词可能是to、for、of等。如上述例句可分别改写为： My parents bought a new coat for me. I gave some money to him. He asked a question of me. 5、主+及物动词+宾+宾补（S+Vt+O+C） I think the job easy. 我认为这个工作容易。 We elected him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。 I saw him go out. 我看到他出去了。 注意： ①宾语过长或需要强调宾补时，可将宾语置于宾补后。如： She kept open the windows which were newly painted. 她让刚漆过的窗户敞开着。 ②当宾语是不定式、动名词或从句时，常用it作形式宾语。把真正的宾语置于宾补后。如： Max found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国形式很重要。 I must make it clear that everyone must obey the rules here. 我必须澄清：人人务必守这儿的规矩。 并列句 由两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构构成的简单句用“并列连词”或“连接副词”连在一起叫并列句。其中的每一个简单句称为“并列分句”。并列分句间主要有以下几种关系： 关系 连接词 例 句 联合 and not only …, but (also)… neither …, nor … nor 1. I often help him and he often helps me. 2. Not only did he like it, but his wife (also) was satisfied . 3. John doesn’t smoke, (and) nor does his wife. 转折 but while (而) when(那时) however yet still 1. It’s not cheap,but it’s very good. 2. She is