被动语音摘要.docVIP

被动语态的用法 被动语态的时态基本公式：主语 + be + 动词的过去 1. 一般现在时的被动语态： am/is/are cleaned 2. 一般过去时的被动语态： was/were cleaned3. 一般将来时的被动语态： will be cleaned 4. 现在进行时的被动语态： am/is/are being cleaned5. 现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been cleaned 6.过去完成时的被动语态： had been cleaned 被动语态还有一些特殊用法 一.用主动的形式表达被动的概念。1 动词read, sell, last, wash, write, lock等带状语,如well, easily时.e.g.① This kind of cloth washes easily.（这种布好洗） ② The meeting lasted three hours.（会议持续了三个小时） ③ My new pen writes well. （我的新钢笔好写）2 感官动词feel, look, smell, sound, taste, prove等与形容词连用时.e.g.? ①You look very well today.? ② Your bedroom smelt so terrible. ③ My words proved right.3 begin, end, stop, open, close等表示开，关，结束的含义时， 及break out, take place, happen等动词表示爆发，发生概念时。e.g. ① The library opens at ten.?? ② Class begins at half past eight. ③ An earthquake took place in Tang Shan in 1976.4 某些做表语的形容词后，用不定式的主动形式。e.g. ① The question is easy to answer.??? ② His clothes are hard to wash.③ The fish is not fit to eat.????? ???? ④ He has an important meeting to attend.二、被动语态的注意事项 1. 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者(不带由by引起的短语)。 如：I haven’t been told about the traffic accident. 2. 动作的承受者是谈话的中心(可带由by引起的短语)。 如：The news has been given out by BBC. 3. 不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。 如：It’s generally considered that teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 三、被动语态的特殊结构形式 1. 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词 + be + 过去分词。 如：This kind of robot can be used to do some housework. 2. 感官动词或某些使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带 to，但变为被动语态时须加上to。 如：The little boy was made to do a difficult job.?? ??? He was seen to enter the classroom. 3. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 如：The child was taken care of by his grandmother. 4. 完成进行时和将来进行时都不存在被动语态，如确需使用被动形式则用完 成时态或一般时态代替。 We have been talking about the matter for an hour. →The matter has been talked about for an hour. We will be talking about the matter this evening. →The matter will be talked about this evening. 三、非谓语动词的被动语态1. 当不定式动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时，不定式要用被动语态形式。 其构成形式为to be done或to have been done。 如：It was going to be teste