词汇语法教学.ppt

Teaching Vocabulary;Warming-up Discussion;;Language is made up of three main elements: grammar, phonetics and vocabulary. Vocabulary is the carrier of phonetics and grammar and is also the construction material of linguistic building. ;I. The importance of vocabulary;“If there is no grammar, people can only express something; but if there is no vocabulary, people can express nothing .” ;“如果说结构是语言的骨骼，词汇就是最重要的器官和血肉”（Harmer,1991:153）。 Meara(1980:Abstracts)就曾强调：“词汇的学习、获取和掌握是外语学习初级阶段之后学习能否成功的关键！” Gass(1988：9)认为：“当我们把交际作为外语学习的第一目标时，当我们又对这种新的语言无法自由支配时，词汇的作用将是决定性的。因为，单词能使人们进行最基本的交际。” “从某种意义上来说，学一门外语主要是学它的词汇。在说外语时找不到表达思想所需的单词是最令人沮丧的感受”（Wallace, 1982:9）。 ;No matter how well he learns grammar, no matter how beautiful he sounds, without rich words to express a wide range of meaning or to understand other’s ideas and thoughts, communication in a foreign language just can’t happen in any meaningful way. ;Understanding vocabulary and vocabulary learning Vocabulary items to a langauge is like bricks to a tall building. Vocabulary should be taught and learned effectively. ;2. What does knowing a word involves? (1) What a student may need to know about an item ? Its meaing ? Its word form ? Its pronunciation and stress ? Its spelling ? Its grammatical properties ? The situations when the word is or is not used Is it formal/neutral/informal? Is it used mainly in speech or in writing? ? How the word is related to others (synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms) ? Collocation or the way that words occur together;Understanding vocabulary  vocabulary learning;I. What is vocabulary ?;▲ Knowing a word means knowing its pronunciation and stress; ▲ Knowing a word means knowing its spelling and grammatical properties; ▲ Knowing a word means knowing its meaning; ▲ Knowing a word means knowing how and when to use it to express the intended meaning.;II. What does knowing a word involve?;What does knowing a word involve?; The first aspect of meaning: Denotative meaning (字面含义)