英语过去完成时用法总结.docVIP

　过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态。 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。 基本结构 　　主语+had+过去分词vpp.(done) 　　①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词. 　　②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词. 　　③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词? 　　肯定回答：Yes,主语+had. 　　否定回答：No,主语+had not . 　　④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Had+主语+过去分词）？ 基本用法 1　 表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个 HYPERLINK /view/1173649.htm \t _blank 时间状语从句来表示， 　I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 　They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。 　　4) When we reached the cinema, the film _____________________(begin). 1) The train _________________(leave) before I got to the railway station. 3宾语从句中 　　当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： She said that she had seen the film before. 　一.用动词的适当形式填空 1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we __moved____________ (move) in. 6. Paul __went________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) ?a phone call. 7. Tom _____says_____ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice. 12.We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term. 17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher. Before he _______________________, he______________________________. （二）用 ‘should’, ‘ought to’, ‘had better’, ‘have to’, and ‘must’ 提建议 1. should 和ought to 用should/ought to 可以表示“劝说”或“督促”， 和must 一样， 但三者语气强弱不同。 用ought to则语气上不那么坚定。 用should 语气比较肯定一些，说话人的主观信心要强烈一些。 用must则在语气上最强烈。 I ought to write to him today. We should protect the environment. You must do your homework. 2. must 与have to must表示“必须”，侧重于说话人的主观意志。 have to 表示“必须”，侧重于客观的需要，含有“不得不”的意味。 He must say it in English. (I want him to do.) He has to say it in English. (Because he doesn’t know Chinese.) He must move the big box. (I am too busy to help.) He has to move the big box. (He’s got no one to help him.) 3. had better (常缩写为’d