音标发音中英文讲解的.docVIP

Organs of speech Upper/lower teeth Upper/lower lip Alveolar ridge Soft palate Hard palate Mouth cavity Pharynx cavity Nasal cavity Vocal cords Pronunciation: The Vowels of English Front vowels There are four front vowels: /i:/, /i/, /e/ and / ? /. For all of them the tip of the tongue is pressed against the lower teeth. The front part of the tongue is raised at varying degrees. There is no lip-rounding; lips are spread or kept neutral. /i:/ The front of the tongue nearly touches the front part of the hard palate, and the muscles of the tongue and cheeks are tense. The lips are drawn back in a “smile” and a long voiced sound is produced. Cheese. Freeze! credit fair-weather friend /i/ The general position of the tongue resembles that of /i:/, but the front of the tongue is lower and drawn back a little. The lips are loosely spread and the tongue is lax. Jesus. Oops, Original sin /e/ The lips are more loosely spread and slightly further apart than for /i/. The front of the tongue is near the upper teeth ridge. I miss you. Impressive. Six sex sat forget it. Forget-me-not. / ? / The front of the tongue is slightly raised. The whole tongue lies low in the mouth. The lips are spread with the widest opening between the jaws among the front vowels. Central vowels There are three central vowels: /?/, /?:/ and /?/. For all of them the tip of the tongue touches the base of the lower teeth or the teeth ridge. The tongue is flat in the mouth. The lips are spread or neutral with no lip-rounding. /?/ The centre of the tongue is raised with the tongue resting in a relaxed fashion in the bottom of the mouth. The lips are spread in the shape of a rectangular. Damn it!! Goddamn it! Jesus. Sweetheart. Dump alien quotes my gosh. Ouch. (Wh)oops! I did it again! /?:/ The centre of the tongue is raised with considerable tongue tension. The opening between the jaws is narrow. /?/ This is somewhat like /?:/ but shorter and more relaxed. Microwave oven macro- max