机械工程专业英语课件 -1课件.ppt

Lesson 1 Basic Concepts in Mechanics Terminology Text tour Terminology Gear 齿轮, 传动装置 A toothed machine part, that meshes with another toothed part to transmit motion or to change speed or direction. 1.齿轮：有齿的机器零件，与另一个有齿零件相啮合，从而传递运动或者改变运动的速度或方向。 2. A complete assembly that performs a specific function in a larger machine (1.装置；组合 2.组配 3.大会 4.成型,装配 5.装配件、配件 6.程序集 ) 传动装置：一套装置，在一个更大机器中有具体的功能 Couple A pair of forces of equal magnitude acting in parallel but opposite directions, capable of causing rotation but not translation 力偶：数值相等但方向相反的两平行力，它能使物体转动但不能产生平移。 Scalar A quantity, such as mass, length, or speed, that is completely specified by its magnitude and has no direction. 标量：一个只有大小没有方向的量，如质量、长度或速度等 Momentum A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity 动量：表示物体运动特性的一个物理量，等于运动物体的质量和速度的乘积。 Text tour The branch of scientific analysis which deals with motions, time, and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i.e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems which change with time. 对运动、时间和作用力做出科学分析的分支称为力学。它由静力学和动力学两部分组成。静力学对静止系统进行分析，即在其中不考虑时间这个因素，动力 学对随时间而变化的系统进行分析。 Forces are transmitted into machine members through mating surfaces, e. g., from a gear to a shaft or from one gear through meshing teeth to another gear, from a V belt to a pulley, or from a cam to a follower. 力通过配合表面传到机器中的各构件上。例如，从齿轮传到轴或者从齿轮通过啮合的轮齿传到另一个齿轮，从V带传到带轮，或者从凸轮传到从动件。 If the forces between gear teeth are too large, the oil film may be squeezed out from between them. This could result in flaking and spalling of the metal, noise, rough motion, and eventual failure. 如果齿轮间相啮合的齿与齿之间的力过大，就会将油膜从齿间挤压出来。这会造成金属的碎裂和剥落，噪音增大，运动不精确，直至报废。 Two equal and opposite forces acting along two non-coincident parallel straight lines in a body cannot be combined to obtain a single