化学专业英语3.12翻译课件.pptVIP

3.12Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria;solubility 溶解度 dissolution溶解precipitation沉淀 Solubility-product constant溶度积常数 insoluble不溶的 slightly soluble微溶的 soluble可溶的 ligands 配体 formation constant形成常数 Amphoteric两性的selective precipitation选择性沉淀 qualitative analysis定性分析;3.12Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria; A buffer solution is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixtrue of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. It has the property that the pH of the solution changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it. Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. The buffer capacity of a solution is the amount of added H3O+ or OH- the buffer solution can tolerate without exceeding a specified pH range. Buffer range is the pH range over which a buffer effectively neutralizes added acids or bases. The relationship between the pH of a buffer solution, pKa, and the concentrations of the weak acid and its conjugate base can be expressed by the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH=pKa+lg{[base]/[acid]}; 缓冲液是一种由混合弱酸及其共轭碱或弱碱及其共轭酸组成的水溶液。它具有当加入少量的强酸或强碱时，溶液的pH变化不大的性质。缓冲溶液在各种化学应用中用来保持pH的值几乎不变。溶液的缓冲能力指的是加入大量的H3O+或OH-缓冲溶液不会超过规定的pH范围。缓冲范围是指在pH范围内缓冲液有效的中和加入的酸或碱的量。缓冲溶液的pH，pKa和弱酸及其共轭碱之间的关系可以用H-H方程表示为： pH=pKa+lg{[共轭碱]/[弱酸]}; An acid-base titration is the determination of the concentration of an acid or base by exactly neutralizing the acid/base with an acid or base of known concentration. The plot of the pH of an acid (or base) as a function of the volume of added base (or acid) is called a p