GMAT语法笔记概要.docx

主谓一致一. 原则1.主谓必须同时存在连词开头的句子一定要有主句，否则是错误的becase, if, when, although从句开头的句子，若从句后面没有逗号，一定错。2.主语和谓语从逻辑上一定要合理，且主语和谓语在单复数上要一致。当不清楚主语是否应该是单数/复数的时候，看宾语，想造成这个宾语的主语是什么样的★e.g. The discovery of new medicines (was/were) vital to the companys growth.若不知道主语是否单复，就想是什么造成公司的上涨。肯定是一件事。所以是单数3.找到真正的主语---去掉介宾短语，从句及动词短语修饰词介宾短语（of,／for by,／in,／with／,at,／to,／on,／from 后面的词不是主语可以忽略，所以要学会看到介词跳读。）从句始终只是句子中辅助的成分，类似大形容词，大名词或大副词e.g. Pong is a classic game from which HAVE descended many current computer pastimes. (Pong is a classic game from which many current computer pastimes HAVE descended.)4.不能确定的话，一般用单数谓语动词规律1.and 连接几个不同的（单数）名词的时候构成复数结构，谓语动词要用复数2.就前原则的短语with; along with; together with; in addition to; as well as; accompanied by; including; more than; no less than; besides; except;3.就近原则：or, nor, either…or; neither…nor；not...but.. (not that…but rather that…); not only…but also; （注意，只有either，neither做主语时，谓语动词用单数）5.模糊代词，谓语动词用单数：(-one, -thing)Anyone, anybody, anything, No one, nobody, nothing, not oneEach, every (as pronouns) Someone, somebody, somethingEveryone, everybody, everything, whatever, whoeverEither, neither (may require a plural verb if paired with or/nor)6.以下代词的单复数由后面的名词决定：Some of, Any of, None, All of, More/Most of, nohalf of, majority, minority, plurality of, the rest of, 分数/百分数If you want to indicate the totality itself, then use a singular verb form.e.g. The majority of the students in this class ARE hard workers.In the Senate, the majority HAS coalesced into a unified voting block.7.each/every做主语，单数：由each/every开头+任何名词（不论单复数）单数谓语Every dog and cat HAS paws.复数名词（代词）+ each + 复数谓语They each ARE great tennis players9.a group of/ a body of/ an array of/ a series of/ s asset of/ a portion of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数！10.a total of, an average of+ 复数名词，复数v the average of + 复数名词，单数v10.一些表示学科的词（physics, mathematics）、一些活动－有氧运动（aerobics）和一些疾病－糖尿病（diabetes）虽然以S结尾，仍属于单数名词，谓语动词用单数当statistics做“统计数据”，economics做“经济政策”时，复数v；news 谓语动词用单数species物种（单数）4.集合名词看做整体，谓语动词用单数：People: agency, army, audience, class, com