Word Formation 3课件.ppt

English Lexicology;Revision;;;Important Processes of Word Formation;Compounding;Characteristics ;Phonologically ;Semantically;Grammatically;Formation of Compounds;Noun compound;Adjective compound;Verb compound ;More-than-two-stem compound forget-me-not dog-in-the-manger round-the-clock service an if-you-listen-to-me expression Reduplicative compound (1) imitate the sound: ha-ha, tick-tock, bow-wow (2) movement and reduplicating: see-saw, higgledy-piggledy , helter-skelter ;;Conversion;Conversion to Nouns;Right branching;2) adjective to noun full (complete) conversion: with all the characteristics of nouns. final (adj) ? final given (adj)? a given returnable (adj)? returnable 1. He is a natural for the job. 2. They are the creatives in the advertising department. ;Partial conversion Denoting a quality or a state common to a group of person: the deaf, the blind, the poor, the wounded Denoting peoples of a nation (ending in –sh, -se, -ch): the English, the Chinese, the Danish, the Scotch Denoting a quality in the abstract: a strong dislike for the sentimental, to distinguish the false and the true, from the sublime to the ridiculous Denoting a single person (converted from participles): the accused, the deceased, the deserted, the condemned ;3) Miscellaneous Conversion It covers nouns converted from other classes, such as conjunctions, modals, finite verbs, prepositions, etc. His argument contains too many ifs and buts. To the modern people, mobile phone is a must. Life is full of ups and downs.;Conversion to verb;2). De-adjectival ( Adjective to verb ) They can be used either transitively to mean ‘to make…A’ or intransitively ‘to become A’ He walked carefully so as not to wet his shoes. The photograph yellowed with age. The play was over and the auditorium began to empty. Two men carrying a wooden keg emptied its content into the opening. ;3) Miscellaneous Conversion We downed a few beers. The students tut-tut the idea