专业英语重点段落翻译课程讲义.docVIP

专业英语重点段落翻译 Unit 4 回转壳体的薄膜应力 A shell of revolution is回转壳体是由一条直线或曲线绕一根旋转形成的（一个回转实体是由一个面绕一根轴旋转而成的）。 Most process vessels are made up 大多数过程容器是由回转壳体组成的：圆柱形和圆锥形部件；半球形，椭圆形和准球形的封头；图.1.13。 The walls of thin vessels can be 薄的容器壁被称为“薄膜”；承受载荷不引起严重的弯曲和过大的剪切应力；就象气球的外壁一样。 The analysis of the membrane对受内压回转壳的薄膜应力分析为确定容器壳体最小壁厚奠定了基础。实际的厚度要求同样取决于容器所承受的载荷所产生的应力。 Consider the shell of revolution假设大致形状如图1.14的回转壳体在载荷作用下做对称的旋转；在壳体单位面积上所受的载荷（压力）在周向方向是一致的，但是从顶部到底部并不是一模一样的。 Unit 5 机械振动 Vibrations are sometimes used to produce desirable effects. For example, vibrators are used to compact concrete in the forms and to separate the grain from the chaff in threshing machines. Instruments which function properly on an airplane with a conventional engine may tend to stick when used in gliders or jet-powered planes because of the lack of vibration. In such instances, a vibrator is sometimes installed on the instrument panel. 有时候振动也能产生有益的效果。比如，振动可以压实物体，用脱粒机将谷粒与谷壳分离。那些在具有常规发动机的飞机上可正常运行的仪器，当用于滑翔机或喷气机时，因为缺乏振动，可能会趋于粘滞。在这种情况下，就需在仪器的仪表板上安装振动器。 Mechanical vibrations which are maintained by elastic , and sometimes gravity，forces are called free vibrations. Once started, a free vibration, frequently called a natural vibration, continues to oscillate at its natural frequency. A forced vibration is produced and maintained by a periodic exciting force external to the system, and it takes place at the frequency of the exciting force. If the system is nearly frictionless and contains no dissipative elements, the amplitude of the forced oscillation will become very large when the frequency of the exciting force is close to the natural frequency of the system. Thus, although the frequency of a forced vibration is independent of the natural frequency of the elastic system, the resulting amplitude is affected by both frequencies. Vibrations are also classified as damped or undamped. When friction, air resistance，viscous damping, and all other resisting forces are negligible the vibration is undamped. When any of these