中级宏微观经济学原理.ppt

Chapter Three Applying the Supply-and-Demand Model Figure 3.1 How the Effect of a Supply Shock Depends on the Shape of the Demand Curve Figure 3.2 Elasticity Along the Pork Demand Curve Figure 3.3 Vertical and Horizontal Demand Curves Figure 3.3 Vertical and Horizontal Demand Curves (cont’d) Figure 3.4 Elasticity Along the Pork Supply Curve Page 59 Solved Problem 3.1 Figure 3.5 Effect of a $1.05 Specific Tax on the Pork Market Collected from Producers Page 64 Solved Problem 3.2 Figure 3.6 Effect of a $1.05 Specific Tax on Pork Collected from Consumers Figure 3.7 Comparison of an Ad Valorem and a Specific Tax on Pork Page 69 Solved Problem 3.3 ? 2007 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. * (a) (b) (c) 215 220 176 0 Q , Million kg of pork per year 3.55 3.30 S 1 D 1 S 2 e 1 e 2 220 176 0 Q , Million kg of pork per year 3.675 3.30 S 1 S 2 D 2 e 1 e 2 220 205 176 0 Q , Million kg of pork per year 3.30 S 1 S 2 D 3 e 1 e 2 a / 2 = 143 a / 5 = 57.2 D a = 286 220 Q , Million kg of pork per year 0 11.44 a / b = 14.30 3.30 a /(2 b ) = 7.15 Elastic: e – 1 e = – 4 Unitary: e = – 1 e = – 0.3 Inelastic: 0 e – 1 Perfectly inelastic Perfectly elastic (a) Perfectly Elastic Demand Q , Units per time period p * (b) Perfectly Inelastic Demand Q * Q , Units per time period (c) Individual ’ s Demand for Insulin p * Q * Q , Insulin doses per day 220 260 176 S h ≈ 0.71 h ≈ 0.66 h ≈ 0.6 h ≈ 0.5 300 Q , Million kg of pork per year 0 3.30 2.20 4.30 5.30 Q, Millions of barrels of oil per day 50 49.30 S 1 S 2 e 1 e 2 D 57.4 82 58.2 82.46 114.8 Q 2 = 206 Q 1 = 220 176 T = $216.3 million Q , Million kg of pork per year 0 p 2 = 4.00 p 1 = 3.30 p 2 – t = 2.95 t = $1.05 S 1 e 1 e 2 S 2 D Q , Quantity per time period Q 1 Q 2 p 1 p 2 = p 1 + 1 S 1 S 2 e 1 e 2 D t = $1 Q 2 = 206 Q 1 = 220 176 T = $216.3 million Q , Million kg of pork per year 0 p 2 = 4.00 p 1 = 3.30 p 2 – t = 2.95 t = $1.05 Wedge, t = $1.05 D 1 D 2