降水变化对不同下垫面的水土流失之分异影响.pdfVIP

第28卷第1期 水土保持通报 Vo1．28，No．1 2008年2月 Bulletin of Soi1 and Water Conservation Feb．，2008 降水变化对不同下垫面的水土流失之分异影响 陈维 杰 (汝阳县水利水保技术推广站，河南 汝阳471200) 摘 要：降水是产生土壤侵蚀的主要原动力。以豫西土石山区的汝阳县和黄土丘陵区的嵩县为例，通过对 实测的雨强、坡度等水土流失因子的观测和研究，初步探讨了降水变化对不同下垫面(梯田、林地、坡耕地、 荒坡)造成的水土流失之分异影响，并推求出组合方程式表达其影响规律。结果表明，荒坡和坡耕地的蓄 水作用最差，梯田和林地的蓄水功效则较高。在小流域治理过程中，应当把梯田、林地以及配套的沟道整 治工程等作为重要的雨水存贮措施。 关键词：降水；下垫面；水土流失；分异影响 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000--288X(2O08)O1一O073一O3 中图分类号：S157．1 Influences of Precipitation Change on Soil Erosion Distribution Under Different Underlying Surface Conditions CHEN Wei—jie (Ruyang Extension Station of Soil and Water Conservation Technology，Ruyang，He’nan 471200，China) Abstract：Precipitation is the main driving force to induce soil erosion．By taking Ruyang County in the earth— rocky mountainous area and Song County in the loess hill area as examples，the influences of the change of precipitation on soil erosion distribution under different underlying surface conditions(terrace，forest land， slope cultivated land，and abandoned slope)were studied．Soil erosion factors，such as rainfall intensity and slope，were observed and analyzed．A combined equation was derived to express the influence．Results showed that the water storage capacity of abandoned slope and slope cultivated land was lower and the water storage capacity of terrace and forest land was higher．So，terrace and forest land，as well as the supplemen— tary gully management engineerings，should be adopted as the important measures of rainfall water storage through full argumentation． Keywords：precipitation；underlying surface condition；soil erosion；influence of different distribution 研究表明，坡面径流是造成水土流失的主导因