任意可逆循环热温比和为零课件.ppt

Entropy;In studying the efficiency of a Carnot engine we learned that if an ideal engine absorbs an amount of heat Qi at temperature Ti and then discards heat Qo at To , the quantities are related by ;An arbitrary reversible cycle can be approximated by a series of Carnot cycles . For each of the small Carnot cycle , we know that :;By letting the heat become arbitrarily small , the sum approaches an integral ;To understand why the line integral is independent of the path , consider the system moving reversibly along path R1 from A to B , then back to A along a different reversible path . We have;In a reversible process , the line integral ;What is the change in entropy for an irreversible process ?;For an irreversible cycle;Consider a irreversible process shown in the diagram .;For an isolated system , the entropy of the system increases after any irreversible process .;heat death theory （热寂说）;Example 1 An ideal gas is allowed to expand freely and adiabatically from a volume V1 to a volume V2 . What is the change in entropy for this irreversible process ? ( A free expansion is one in which no work is done . );P 337