思辨能力培养 lecture 5 - Deductive III Disjunctive Categorical Syllogisms.ppt

Lecture 5 Deductive Arguments Part 3 Disjunctive Syllogisms Hypothetical Syllogisms Modus Ponens √ Modus Tollens √ Categorical Syllogism Disjunctive Syllogism All P’s are Q’s. This is a P. Therefore it is also a Q. Premise 1: All men are mortal. Premise 2: Socrates is a man. Conclusion: Therefore Socrates is mortal. P = men, Q = mortal Premise 1: All P’s (men) are Q’s (things which are mortal) Premise 2: Socrates is a P (man) Conclusion: Therefore Socrates is a Q (thing which is mortal) Either P or Q. Not P, therefore Q. Premise : Either we hope for progress through improving morals or we hope for progress through improving intelligence. Premise : We can’t hope for progress through improving morals. Conclusion : So we must hope for progress through improving intelligence. Premise : Either I am married or I am single. Premise : I am not married. Conclusion : Therefore I am single. P = I am married Q = I am single Premise 1 : Either P (I am married) or Q (I am single). Premise 2 : Not P (I am not married). Conclusion : Therefore Q (I am single). With a partner, create and write down four categorical syllogisms and four hypothetical syllogisms.