tp111-c7j甲醛限值表.pdfVIP

FORMALDEHYDE 333 7. REGULATIONS AND ADVISORIES The international, national, and state regulations and guidelines regarding formaldehyde in air, water, and other media are summarized in Table 7-1. ATSDR has derived an acute inhalation MRL of 0.04 ppm on the basis of clinical symptoms (increased itching, sneezing, mucosal congestion, transient burning sensation of the eyes and of the nasal passages) and nasal alterations (elevated eosinophil counts and a transient increase in albumin content of nasal lavage fluid) in humans (Pazdrak et al. 1993). This MRL is based on a minimal LOAEL of 0.4 ppm and an uncertainty factor of nine (three for use of a minimal LOAEL and three for human variability). An intermediate-duration inhalation MRL of 0.03 ppm was derived based on a NOAEL of 0.98 ppm and a LOAEL of 2.95 ppm (22 hours/day, 5 days/week for 26 weeks) for clinical signs of nasopharyngeal irritation (hoarseness and nasal congestion and discharge) and lesions in the nasal epithelium (squamous metaplasia and hyperplasia) observed in monkeys (Rusch et al 1983). An uncertainty factor of 30 (3 for extrapolation from animals to humans and 10 for human variability) was used to derive the MRL. A chronic inhalation MRL of 0.008 ppm was derived based on a minimal LOAEL of 0.24 ppm for histological evidence of mild damage to the nasal epithelial tissue (squamous metaplasia, loss of ciliated cells, goblet cell hyperplasia, and mild dysplasia in biopsied tissue) in formaldehyde exposed chemical workers (Holmstrom et al. 1989c). To derive the MRL, the minimal LOAEL was divided by an uncertainty factor of 30 (3 for the use of a minimal LOAEL and 10 for human variability). An intermediate oral MRL of 0.3 mg/kg/day was based on a NOAEL and LOAEL of 25 and 125 mg/kg/day for gastrointestinal tract effects in rats exposed for 4 weeks to forma