生物选修（Biology elective）.docVIP

生物选修（Biology elective） Topic 1 gene engineering The concept of genetic engineering Gene engineering is in accordance with the wishes of the people, strict design, by in vitro recombinant DNA and transgenic technology, given to biological genetic characteristics of new, more in line with the needs of the people to create new biological types and biological products. Genetic engineering is designed and constructed at the DNA molecular level, also known as DNA recombination. (I) basic tools of genetic engineering; 1. molecular scalpel - restriction endonuclease (restriction enzyme) (1) source: isolated and purified mainly from prokaryotes. (2) function: a specific nucleotide sequence of double stranded DNA molecules can be identified, and the phosphate two ester bond between two nucleotides in a specific part of a chain is broken so that it is specific. (3) results: the ends of DNA fragments produced by restriction enzyme cleavage usually have two forms: sticky ends and ends. 2. molecular suture needle - DNA ligase (1) comparison of two DNA ligase (E, coliDNA ligase and T4-DNA ligase): The same point: suture the phosphate two ester bond. The difference: E? ColiDNA ligase from bacteriophage T4, can only be connected between the sticky ends of double stranded DNA fragments of two complementary phosphate ester bonds; and two kinds of T4DNA ligase to suture the end, but the efficiency of connection between the end of the lower level. (2) similarities and differences with the DNA polymerase: DNA polymerase can only add single nucleotides to the ends of the existing nucleotide fragments, forming a phosphate two ester bond. The DNA ligase is the junction of the two DNA fragments that forms the phosphate two ester bond. 3. molecular transport vehicle - carrier (1) the carrier has the following conditions: 1. Replication and stable preservation in recipient cells. Having one or more restriction enzyme sites for insertion of foreign DNA fragments. Identification and selection of